America’s Compulsory education Essay

This webpage give a brief history of the roots of America’s Compulsory education starting in Massachusetts in 1852. This attendance law required all children to attend public school. The review of education across the country in modernity is stated as such on the website: that every state in the US requires school aged children (children of the age of 6) to attend or be enrolled in public or private school or to be home schooled. Although in most states the age of a school going child is controversial, as well as the age at which they may quit school (by either graduating at the age of 17 or 18, or by taking their GED), the website also offers that keeping a child in school (high school) may become a financial burden to the district as principles and teachers may spend more of their time handing out disciplinary reactions to the disruptive student instead of teaching. The website further states that truancy and school attendance varies from state to state. Appropriation Passage #1 â€Å"Today, every state and territory requires children to enroll in public or private education or to be home-schooled. More than half—32 states—require students to begin their education by age 6. Some states’ set their age requirements as low as age 5 and as high as age 8. All children are required to continue their education into their high school years, with 26 states setting the cutoff age at 16. The remaining states require students to stay in school through age 17 or 18† (The National Conference for State Legislatures, 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage #1: The above statement suggests that the overall attendance of school-aged children is dictated by the state, not by the federal government. Thus, it is the state’s responsibility to ensure that children are gaining proper education. The age range for a student to stop attending school is set at 16, but the website does mention at what age the GED can be taken, or mentioning at what age home schooled children may gain their degree and go to college. Passage #2 â€Å"States and territories also set a minimum age for children to enroll in kindergarten, which is typically one or two years earlier than the compulsory education age. Every state or territory with a policy on this issue has established age 5 as the minimum age† (The National Conference for State Legislatures, 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage #2 The website seems to have conflicting ideas about what age a child should begin school. One passage states that age five is the age to begin while another passage states that age 6 is the age to begin. With this change in age it seems that the older the child begins school, by the time the child reaches high school and is able to quit then the less education they would be exposed to. Passage #3 Some experts assert that age may be an arbitrary indicator or measure of a child’s ability to succeed in school and should not be used at all. Others point out that when a state considers legislation, such as Nebraska, allowing younger children to enter kindergarten, policymakers must understand that there is likely to be a large increase in the number of children entering kindergarten during the first year of the new policy, thereby straining already tight school district budgets and increasing the need for teachers† (The National Conference for State Legislatures, 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage #3 This passage mentions something that has been seen prior in the paper; that is the use of school resources to keep children in school who would desire otherwise (such as children who want to join the workforce, students who are ready for college and do not need to attend high school). It seems that according to this website, school districts across America not just isolated to one state are having a great difficulty in finding funding and teachers, because of this lack of funding are being forced to attend to class sizes that are too large for one teacher to handle. The website does not mention specific numbers by which the teachers must teach, but statistics show that one teacher typically has thirty plus students per class. This should be and needs to be mentioned on the website in order for an accurate portrayal of public schools and Compulsory Education to be properly examined. ANNOTATION #2 Source Information Illich, Ivan. Deschooling Society. 16 September 2007. Evaluation Paragraph The webpage offers an examination of the social and governmental agencies present in the United States ranging from Social Welfare, to schools. The author offers to the reader this twisted view of reality that has been forced into the conception of a student being ‘schooled’ when in fact they’re being taught merely to pass a grade and not necessarily learning anything of use. Appropriation Passage #1 â€Å"In these essays, I will show that the institutionalization of values leads inevitably to physical pollution, social polarization, and psychological impotence: three dimensions in a process of global degradation and modernized misery† (Illich 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage #1: The above statement gives the reader the point of view of the author and does not at this beginning part of the essay go into detail about facts. Although the webpage is primarily opinion, it should be balanced quite out of necessity with facts to back up the author’s point of view. The site does however offer intriguing commentary on school reform. Passage #2 â€Å"I want to raise the general question of the mutual definition of man’s nature and the nature of modern institutions which characterizes our world view and language. To do so, I have chosen the school as my paradigm, and I therefore deal only indirectly with other bureaucratic agencies of the corporate state: the consumer-family, the party, the army, the church, the media† (Illich 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage #2 In this passage again the reader sees the opinion of the author. The author does give the reader a chance to understand his topic in appropriation with his underlying theory. The fact that the author states that schools are becoming ill-directed and matches this institute with other institutes such as hospitals and police is an avenue of state and government issues that must also be focused on in the essay. Passage #3 â€Å"Not only education but social reality itself has become schooled. It costs roughly the same to school both rich and poor in the same dependency. The yearly expenditure per pupil in the slums and in the rich suburbs of any one of twenty U. S. cities lies in the same range-and sometimes is favorable to the poor† (Illich 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage #3 The author expounds upon his primary thesis statement of the reform of the school. In this statement however the reader can witness some facts about how the school should be reformed. Along this avenue the author continues to state that there should not be segregation in the education system and presents the dichotomy between rich and poor in education. ANNOTATION #3 Source Information Goodman, Paul. Two Simple Proposals. 16 September 2007. < http://www. factoryschool. org/rhood/goodman/twosimple. html> Evaluation Paragraph The website offers a brief analysis of higher education in regards to lack of funding for liberal arts in a society where technology is the fast growing commodity. Appropriation Passage #1 â€Å"Our educational reality can be seen in operation in the present kind of scheduling, testing, and grading; and if Dean Barzun is interested in making a change, he can start right here† (Goodman 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage #1: The above statement gives the reader a sense that the student body is becoming overwhelmingly concerned with their own education. This ranges from preliminary schooling to higher education. Thus, this website is in agreement with Illich’s ideas of how generalized testing does not necessitate learning, only route memorization. Passage #2 â€Å"There is little attention to individual pace, rhythm, or choice, and none whatever to the discovery of identity or devotion to intellectual goals. The aptitude and achievement testing and the fierce competition for high grades are a race up the ladder to high-salaried jobs in the businesses of the world, including the schooling business† (Goodman 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage #2 The author is revealing to the readers that the school system, although there is a no child left behind law, is in fact guilty of setting an exact pace in the classroom when the diversity of learners in the classroom would call for a specialized schedule. It is common knowledge that every person learns at their own pace and differently than another student. The state needs to find a measure whereby classroom grades are outdated criteria for educating students. Passage #3 â€Å"The purpose of this proposal is twofold: to get students with enough life-experience to be educable on the college level, especially in the social sciences and humanities; and to break the lockstep of twelve years of doing assigned lessons for grades, so that the student may approach his college studies with some intrinsic motivation, and therefore perhaps assimilate something that might change him† (Goodman 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage #3 The emphasis on education being a system of grades is further emphasized in this passage. As such, the reader retains the knowledge that although the social structure of education seems to be working across the board there are areas in which students are not getting enough knowledge or at least not a balanced incorporation of knowledge and hands-on experience. Work Cited Goodman, Paul. Two Simple Proposals. 16 September 2007. < http://www. factoryschool. org/rhood/goodman/twosimple. html> Illich, Ivan. Deschooling Society. 16 September 2007. The National Conference for State Legislatures : The Forum for America’s Ideas. 2007. 16 September 2007.

Jack Ryan and Palisades Produce Essay

The workplace is littered with ethical dilemmas no matter where you work. For Pacific Trust the primary ethical issues that need attention are Jack Ryan’s negligent behavior toward his work with the Palisades Produce contract. His negligence caused him to be faced with lying to his superior or taking responsibility for his mistakes. The necessity for a course of action to help Jack comes partly from the underlying issue of Stephen Wood’s misconduct within the Middle-market Group. Jack Ryan had been closely working with Palisades Produce for over a year and in his excitement over finally landing them as a client, Jack did not closely read over the stipulations in the contract set forth by Gretchen Marks, Senior Banker in Risk Management. These stipulations were that Jack would obtain monthly Borrowing base reports from Palisades Produce. The Borrowing base reports show the bank how much collateral a company has to cover how much they are requesting to borrow from the bank. Without these reports, a bank could lend out money to companies that could not pay it back. Jack’s first step was to inform his boss, Stephen Wood, of the mistake he made. The response from Wood was for Jack to lie to Gretchen Marks by obtaining and submitting Borrowing base reports of the last four months at the current time as if Jack had always had them. This is clearly an unethical and unwise course of action for anyone to do. Since Jack has not seen the Borrowing base reports, he does not know if Palisades Produce has any flaws in their records or insufficient collateral. Such flaws would cause Pacific Trust to get into trouble by lending out money they could not get back. After leaving Wood’s office, Jack should have reported to Gretchen Marks to inform her about his mistake in not obtaining the Borrowing base reports. If Jack decides to follow the advice of Stephen Wood in order to maybe save his job, then he will most likely lose his job along with Stephen Wood. Covering up a mistake made in the business world can have dire consequences for any parties involved. The Borrowing base reports could be flawless; however, if there is an inconsistency at all with the reports, Gretchen Marks will inquire as to why Jack never brought such inconsistencies to her attention in the month they arose. This would immediately indicate that Jack had lied about when he obtained the Borrowing base reports, putting Pacific Trust and himself in a bad situation. Pacific Trust could not only fire but also sue Jack for his negligence if it did cause harm to the bank. In this case Palisades Produce would most likely leave Pacific Trust since Jack, the person responsible for courting the company, would no longer be with the bank. This course of action is definitely risky for Jack Ryan; he may lose his job either way. However, this is the only course of action likely to allow Jack to keep his job. Gretchen Marks could respect the honesty and responsibility of Jack and help him with the reports, allowing him to keep his job. The person partially responsible for Jacks ethically dilemma is Stephen Wood. Wood has been known to behave inappropriately in the workplace. Wood plays favorites and helps only those employees who do things his way. His use of derogatory language toward female employees on top of his temper issues should have been reported to a higher-up already. The attitude displayed by Wood shows that he is willing to make unethical decisions and having someone like this in your company is a liability. Jack does not have to reveal that Wood was going to help him with a cover-up, but Jack or one of the other subordinates of Wood should have filed a formal complaint on Stephen Wood’s behavior. Since Jack is a rising star within the company and Wood is highly regarded within the company, a complaint coming from Jack might carry more weight and consideration with the senior bank managers. This could sever the close relationship Jack has with Wood; however it would lead to a more effective and peaceful work environment. The reason Wood should be reported instead of being left alone is that since Wood was willing to do unethical things with Jack, he would probably attempt to do other unethical things if he has not already done so. These courses of action for the ethical dilemmas present in this case have the least negative impact. Jack taking responsibility will either hurt himself or hurt nothing at all if the Borrowing base reports are flawless. If they are not, Jack’s career and possibly Palisades Produce’s involvement with Pacific Trust will be damaged. Filing a report against Stephen Wood for workplace misconduct would allow all of the subordinates to work together in a more peaceful and effective environment because there would not be division amongst the employees based on loyalty.

Nature of Industrial Buying: Industrial Marketing

URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente West, Urdaneta City 2428 Pangasinan, Philippines Telefax No. (075) 568-7612 Website: www. ucu. edu. com BY: IAN JOSEPH ROBISO MARC TON ALEXIS PEREZ MARITA LABIANO KENT NOEL JAVIER ILENE GONZALES BEVERLY ROSARIO RICHARD SUMERA LOVELY SORIA BSBA-III Major in MARKETING MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED TO: MR. LADI GEORGE L. GASCON INSTRUCTOR Nature of Industrial Buying: Industrial Marketing Buy Phase in Industrial Buying * Buying is an organizational decision making process There are 8 Phases in Buying Decision Process * In Industrial market the buying decision making process observable sequential stages, understanding these phase helps developing appropriate selling strategy The Buying Decision of organization is influence by environmental factors, organizational factors, interpersonal factors and personal factors: * Personal – e. g. Age, Education, Income, Personality, Risk Attitude, Culture * Inter-Per sonal – e. g. Interest, Authority, Status, Empathy, Persuasiveness * Organization – e. g.Objective, Policies, Procedures, Organization Systems and Structure * Environment – e. g. Level of Demand, Economic Viewpoint, Technology Change, Political Development, Social Responsibility 8 Phases in Industrial Buying * Identify the problem – industrial marketers identify problems in buying organization and suggest how problem is? * General need Description – once the problem is recognized next is to resolve the problem. For technical products, the technical. * Product Specification – developed a precise statement of the product or service, selecting right suppliers recommend. Suppliers Research – search of potential suppliers from vertical hubs, functional hubs, direct extra link to major suppliers ,trade * Analyze Suppliers Proposal – once the qualified suppliers decided, the buying organization obtains the request for proposals. * Sup pliers Selection – Evaluation of proposals of competing suppliers and select suppliers * Selection of Order And Routine – placing orders w/ selected suppliers, frequency of the order placement, levels of inventory follows. Performance Review – performance feedback of the suppliers take place and post purchase evaluation Organizational Purchase Situation * New Task – a Situation that the company is buying the item for the first time. The buying organization will typically have had little experience with the product or service. The risk involved is more, decisions may take longer time and top management is involved. * Modified Re- Buy – This situation occurs when the organization is not satisfied with the performance of the existing suppliers.Search information about alternative source of supply. The change I supplier is likely to include several representatives, including mid level management and evaluative criteria are analyzed. * Straight Re-Buy à ¢â‚¬â€œ Buying products or services continuously and purchases that are made in the past. Repeat orders with the supplier. The reordering process may be completely automated or done routinely by clerical personnel. Purchases are often handled under a contract and price or consistently the dominant evaluative criteria. Participants in the Business Buying ProcessParticipants in the organizational buying process play as  many as seven different roles, namely those of  initiator,  influencer, approver, user, decider, buyer and  gatekeeper * Initiators – Recognize a problem or a need. The Initiator can be any individual in buying firm. * Influencers – Individuals influence the buying decision. Technical people such as quality control engineers, design engineers have considerable influence on purchase decision. * Deciders – The actual buying decisions are made by the deciders. They are one or more individuals involved in the buying decision.Senior executives m ay become deciders. * Buyers – Buyers obtain quotations from suppliers, evaluate, negotiate, process purchase, orders, advance delivers and implement purchase policies. * Users – Users  also  play a  role  of  initiators Individuals who use products or services Define specifications of  needed products * Approvers – Approver  endorse and agree to the purchase  and  also play a  role of  deciders * Gatekeeper – Gatekeepers control the flow of  information regarding products and services and control the buying center Assistants or  junior person  of  purchase managersKey Members of Buying Center * Top Management Executives * Managing Director, Presidents, Vice President or  General managers * Approve purchase, decide guidelines and purchase policy * Technical People * Technical people are design  engineers, production, quality control,  R&  D  managers * Specify products, technical evaluation, feedback on product supp lied, negotiate with suppliers * Purchase/Material Department Senior executives, junior levels,  purchaser officers or assistants * Coordinate with technical people, top  management, accounts as well the suppliers or vendors * Accounts/Finance for finalizing the  financial approvals, mode of  payment  and  insurance  of bank  guarantees * Marketing * Are the influencers in the buying process Summary * The industrial marketing need to understand the purchasing objectives and purchasing activities of the industrial buyers. The industrial buyers are influenced by both purchasing objective of the firm and personal objectives. The industrial buyers are influenced by many factors, the major factors like environmental factors, organizational factors, interpersonal factors and personal factors. * There are 3 common types of buying situations including new task, modified re-buy and straight re-buy. * There are 8 phases of buying decision making process include Initiator, Infl uencer, Approver, User, Decider, Buyer and Gatekeeper. The industrial markets should identify the key members of buying centre in each buying decision.

Corporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies of Apple Inc Assignment - 3

Corporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies of Apple Inc - Assignment Example The researcher states that in this era of globalization and international trade where rapid technological progression and cutthroat competition has become immensely important, priority has been exceedingly shifted towards corporate social responsibilities so that the companies can align their production and distribution process with social and environmental norms. The mastermind behind Apple Inc. was Steve Jobs who had founded the company in 1976. The company is famous for its iPod media player, iPad tablets; Mac line of personal computers, iPhone etc. iCloud, iTunes, App Stores etc. online services and iWork creativity, iTunes media browser etc. services has helped the company to achieve the leading position in the market. In terms of revenue, Apple is the second largest Information Technology Company only after Samsung and in the mobile phone manufacturing segment, it is third largest. According to the reports on 2014, Apple is having 437 retail stores in more than 15 countries wor ldwide and appoints more than 72,800 permanent employees. Strong research and development, innovation and customer orientation of Apple Inc. have resulted from the high degree of brand loyalty for the company which has aided to achieve world’s Most Valuable Brand Award in 2014. Clearly, practices of corporate social responsibility of such huge brand as Apple Inc. must be exemplary for all other corporations operating in the multinational platform. Apple Inc. is well known for its ethical and corporate responsibilities which the company has continued practicing since its inception and improved over time. Apple’s ethical practices are reflected in the code of conduct followed by all its employees irrespective of situations.

Technology Changes Healthcare Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology Changes Healthcare - Case Study Example The networked hospital TV’s apart from providing entertainment to patients also present health-related videos approved by the nurses. Moreover, patients can give the complaints and ideas through the TV interactive system. The healthcare organizations are unable to obtain the return on technology investment. The vital role played by Technology plays in healthcare organizations can go unnoticed by the management as suggested by Ogallaga (n.d). Technology in healthcare centers seems to operate a seamless supply chain despite the industry being inundated by errors that make the process slow, increasing costs, providing incorrect products to the wrong people. Technology has led to deterioration of management confidence in their healthcare organization’s capacity to support the anticipated benefit from its technological investments. This is due to inadequate IT running and communication. The healthcare organizations should adopt the execution of an enterprise wide Information Technology preparation and management strategy according to Ogallaga (n.d). This is to achieve a return on technology investment. Healthcare organizations must invest in technology that provide a return on investment and are managed by users with less cost. Additionally, healthcare institutions should support the administration by providing decision support systems that give incredible return on investment can be used without constant IT support. Similarly, in the education industry significant success brought about by technology, for instance, learners have access to wide range of information. There are also highly technological laboratory equipments used by science students. Technology has played a significant role in healthcare. This is depicted in most hospitals where use of technology has enabled networking of physicians, easy access to

Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Internet - Essay Example , the internet has become as effective as the face-to-face interactions, in providing political knowledge to people, and spurring them to political actions. The internet has influenced the political interactions of different regions of the world. This includes America, the Middle East, Africa, and the other entire world parts. In America, the transformation of politics by the internet was influenced by the 2006 white house and congressional selections. Internet continues to play a political role in the advertising different party candidates, helping in party fund-raising, and the spread of both positive and negative information. In the USA, both Democrats and Republicans have used the internet in their political campaigns. These have made use of their party blogs, candidate blogs, use of e-mail, and the interactive websites to aid their campaign process. This has been efficient in assembling crowds for rallies, raising money for the parties, and increasing the party preference for people. What has accelerated the use of the internet is because it is less costly and yet it is highly efficient, compared to the traditional methods, which a re slow and involving. Howard Dean is known for his use of social media during his campaign for the Democratic Presidential ticket, through MeetUp.com, where he managed to get 190,000 online supporters. Through the internet, Dean was able to raise millions of dollars in a matter of a few weeks. Apart from Dean, McCain also utilized the internet in his campaigns in the year 2000. He raised $6.8 million, and had 40,000 online supporters. This shows that the internet is influential in political interactions today (â€Å"Journalist’s Resource† Web). In the Middle East, there are concerns that the internet highly contributed to the political upheaval in the form of the Arab Spring, which started in 2011. The internet is mainly blamed for influencing negatively the politics in the area, as it has contributed to the sustenance, if not

Recent developments in the UK housing market Essay

Recent developments in the UK housing market - Essay Example In general house prices must behave in a similar manner as that of inflation rates prevailing in an economy. However, if we consider the recent boom in housing prices in the UK since the year 1998, it can be observed that the housing prices behaved in an opposite direction to that of the general inflation rate of the UK’s economy. It implies that there has been a significant rise in the overall house prices of UK since 1998 but the general inflation was on the lower side and did not rise that significantly as compared to the house prices. Next, if we look at the relation between the house prices and income of the households in the UK it can be observed that the house prices increased at a greater rate than the income of the households during the period of the recent housing boom. If we look at the current affordability of the houses in the UK it can conclude that the house properties are less affordable because of the high house price to income ratio at present. It implies that the UK households do not have enough income to be able to buy houses which are of high prices. Moreover, the house prices are directly linked to the changes in income levels of households because most of the houses are bought through mortgage services offered by financial institutions. Hence it is very unlikely to get loans to buy houses with lower income levels. This is how the house properties became less affordable for people who were having a comparatively lesser rise in income levels as compared to the rise in house prices in the UK. ... implies that there has been a significant rise in the overall house prices of UK since 1998 but the general inflation was on the lower side and did not rise that significantly as compared to the house prices. It means that although the house prices rose significantly the prices of other goods and services did not rise that much. Next if we look at the relation between the house prices and income of the households in UK it can be observed that the house prices increased at a greater rate than the income of the households during the period of recent housing boom. If we look at the current affordability of the houses in UK it can concluded that the house properties are less affordable because of the high house price to income ratio at present. It implies that the UK households do not have enough income to be able to buy houses which are of high prices. Moreover the house prices are directly linked with the changes in income levels of households because most of the houses are bought thro ugh mortgage services offered by financial institutions. Hence it is very unlikely to get loans to buy houses with lower income levels. This is how the house properties became less affordable for people who were having comparatively lesser rise in income levels as compared to the rise in house prices in UK. Answer 3 There has been a significant rise in the demand of houses in UK during the period of 1998 to 2007. There are various factors which led to this increase in housing demand like increase in disposable income, lower interest rates, and increased availability of mortgage finance. The wages have increased at a faster rate than inflation from 1998 to 2007. Now since the households have the tendency to spend a certain proportion of their income levels on housing, the demand for housing

The Law of Comparative Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Law of Comparative Advantage - Essay Example Because the theory failed to understand the laws of absolute and comparative advantage, which advocates that trade, may not necessarily be a zero-sum game, mercantilists regulations were gradually removed in Britain in the course of eighteenth century after the government has fully embraced Adam Smith's concept of laissez faire (Wikimedia Foundations, Inc). The greatest challenge to mercantilism was Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage. It is said that Smith's publication of the book The Wealth of Nation in 1776 has ended the rule of mercantilism as an economic philosophy. In contrast to the necessity of government control in the mercantilists' philosophy, Adam Smith advocated the laissez faire system, with limited government intervention in the economy. Particularly, Smith believe that trade would be beneficial to both countries through specialization. In practical terms, when one country is more efficient than another country in the production of one commodity but is less efficient in the production of another, then both can gain by specializing in the commodity in which it has the absolute advantage. ... As trade is deemed beneficial to all, restrictions are discouraged and limited government intervention is advised. An Unchallenged Theory An enhancement and definitely a higher notch than the theory of absolute advantage is the law that says that one country can benefit from trade even if it is less efficient in the production of both commodities. It is the law of comparative advantage: an impetus for small nations to actively participate in trade as it is believed to benefit both the big and the small countries. Introduced by David Ricardo in 1817 through his book On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, comparative advantage posits that trade can create value for both countries even if one has the fewer resources in the production of all goods. Using the production possibilities frontier, Ricardo was able to prove this, achieving a significant breakthrough in the field of international economics. Practically, Ricardo believes that given the situation, both countries can still gain by having the less efficient country specialize in the production and exportation of the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is smallest and import the product in which it has its greatest absolute disadvantage. The commodity in which one country has the least absolute disadvantage can be thought of as one in which it has the comparative advantage. The gains are realized as both countries specialize in the production of commodity in which it has the least opportunity cost (Mankiw). The Gains from Trade: A Simple Numerical Example To facilitate understanding of the gains from trade, we cite the example from the Principles of Macroeconomics book of N. Gregory Mankiw. Given that it takes 20 hours for farmer to produce 1 lb of meat and 10 hours to produce 1

Housing Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Housing Industry - Essay Example The increase in the number of household is as a result of population growth and migration and this in turn results inot an increase in the demand for houses. In 2006 the total number of houses in England was 21,989 thousand according to table 3.1, an analysis of the various regions it was evident that majority of these dwellings which is 16% were located in south east while only 5% of these dwellings were located in the north east region. (Calculations in appendixes 1) The following chart demonstrates the total number of dwellings in thousands for each region in 2006. It is evident from the chart that majority of dwellings are located in the south east and London which is 16% and 15% respectively of total dwellings in England. The following is an analysis of the total number of dwellings in the regions for the year 1996 and the year 2006(calculations in appendixes 2). From the above chart it is evident that each region has experienced an increase in the number of dwellings, however some regions have higher increase than other regions especially the South east region has the highest increase in the number of houses while the north east region has the lowest increase in the numbe... The north east region and the south east region: Percentages of the total for each year: From the above chart it is evident that there has been a decline in the percentage of the total for the South east region whereas there has been a relatively low decline in the percentage of the total for the North East region, however from the trend it is evident that the South east region has maintained a relatively high percentage of the total over the years compared to the North East region. Calculations in appendix 3. Trend in the number of houses in the N. east region and the S. east region: The following chart summarizes the trend in the number of houses in the N. east region: From the above chart it is evident that there has been an increase in the number of houses in the N. east region over the years. From the above chart it is evident that there has been a gradual increase in the number of houses in the S. east region over the years. Moving averages: We now analyze the moving average for the two regions over the years. The following table summarizes the simple centered 3 step moving average for the N. east region from the year 1997 to 2005: (calculations in appendix 4) N. East N. East moving average 1996 1,094 1997 1,100 1099.333 1998 1,104 1104 1999 1,108 1108 2000 1,112 1111.667 2001 1,115 1115 2002 1,118 1118.333 2003 1,122 1122 2004 1,126 1126.333 2005 1,131 1131.333 2006 1,137 The data is summarized by the following chart: The above line chart shows the 3 period centered moving average and the total number of houses in the N. East region. The following table summarizes the simple centered 3 step moving average for the S. east region from the year

Strictly Ballroom Essay Example for Free

Strictly Ballroom Essay The concept of belonging is explored well in the film Strictly Ballroom. Directed by Baz Luhrmann and released in 1992, this film explores the concept of belonging in relation to places, events and relationships. Throughout the film, techniques such as symbolism, lighting, costume, non-diagetic music and dialogue help to express these concepts to the audience. Firstly, Symbolism is the most common technique used throughout the film to convey belonging to the ballroom dancing world. In Scene 1 of â€Å"Strictly Ballroom†, symbolism is used to connect the protagonist, Scott to the world of ballroom dancing. The number 100 pinned to his back represents his strive for perfection and his determination to win. The gold sequinned costume also reinforces this idea, also being symbolic of the golden performance expected of him. Through symbolism, we can see that scott is trying to belong to the ballroom dancing world by conforming to their standards and expectations. Secondly, belonging to different places is delineated through the film technique of lighting. In Scene 3 when Scott is dancing by himself in front of the mirrors, natural lighting is used which conveys a sense of freedom and enjoyment felt by him as he dances his own steps. Scott feels a new found sense of belonging where he can be himself. This is contrasted to the bright, artificial lighting used in the competition where everyone must conform to standards of the Dance Federation. In the competition, Scott does not smile and he is conforming to the standards of the dance federation which do not allow new steps in the competition. Another aspect of belonging explored in the film is belonging and relationships, especially for Fran and Scott. This is expressed through the choice of costume for both protagonists. At the beginning of the film (scene 1) Fran wears oversized t-shirt and tights and oversized glasses. When we are introduced to Scott, he is wearing costumes for the dance competition but when we see him by himself or dancing with Fran, he wears simple white singlet and black pants. Also for Fran, as the film progresses, her clothes are replaced with more figure hugging leotards and leggings with skirts. By Scene 4, we see both protagonists have matching costumes (simple black and white attire) which symbolises their growing connection as a couple. The removal of her glasses in this scene completes her transformation from the ugly duckling. This technique conveys the belonging of the protagonists to each other as opposed to belonging to the dance federation and also represents their blooming relationship. Non-diegetic music is also used effectively to show their relationship. Also in Scene 4, Scott and Fran are dancing to the song Time After Time. Some of the lyrics read â€Å"If you fall I will catch you† which symbolises Scott’s increasing acceptance of Fran and vice versa and also the development of their relationship not just professionally but also suggesting it romantically. They are beginning to belong to each other. In Scene 7, Non-diegetic music is used once again and again they are dancing to the song. It’s lyrics â€Å"You won’t admit you love me..a million times ive asked you and then I ask you over and over again your only answer pehaps, perhaps, perhaps†¦if you cant make your mind up well never get started and I don’t want to wind up being parted broken hearted† are symbolic of the decision Scott needs to make both professionally and romantically in regards to his relationship with Fran. Their relationship is also emphasised through the close-up shot of them dancing and their intense eye contact. These techniques combine to delineate to us the growing sense of belonging Scott and Fran have with their relationship to each other. Lastly, towards the end of the film, a long shot has been used to show us that the protagonists, mainly Scott, have found their sense of belonging. The long shot has been used at the Pan Pacifics to view all the dance couples on the dancefloor. The long shot juxtaposes Scott and Fran’s strong, passionate dancing against the flamboyant, inexpressive dancing of all the other couples helping to reinforce how much they don’t belong to this world. Costume, once again has been used to emphasise this point as Fran is wearing a beautiful, red, simple but sophisticated flamingo dress and Scott is wearing a vibrant gold matador jacket. These vibrant colours are symbolic of their passion for dancing and each other as well as their authenticity in their dance. Their costumes look beautiful and authentic in contrast to all the other couples who are wearing frilly, brightly coloured costumes which ridiculous in comparison. Scott has finally a true sense of belonging for himself which is being true to oneself. Dialogue is used to show that in order to belong, you must conform to the standards of the Dance Federation and the authority, Barry Fife (the antagonist). In Scene 1 after Scott danced his own steps, his dance partner at the time, Liz, says to him â€Å"Im not dancing with you until you dance they way you’re supposed to.† Liz’s dialogue puts pressure on Scott to conform rejecting his desire for individuality. Les says â€Å"he resorted to his own flashy, crowd pleasing steps† showing disapproval for what happened feeling that the dance should be to please the judges and Barry Fife. When Scott asks his friend Wayne how he felt about his dance, he replies â€Å"I don’t know, you didn’t win did you?† showing that winning is everything in the dance world. Dialogue has been used to make us viewers aware that in the Ballroom Dancing world, the concept of belonging means conforming to the rules and standards set up by them. In conclusion, we can understand there are different ways to belong. Belonging to a place or an event may require you to conform to their rules and standards which can stifle individuality- this can have negative effects on people. Relationship and belonging may help you find yourself. Also finding belonging by being true to oneself is so most important.

John Kotter Good Leadership Management Essay

John Kotter Good Leadership Management Essay Lead only if u can manage. Though leadership means superiority and power, but management is the basic necessity and pillar of a business organisation. For a leader to function efficiently managerial skills and abilities are essential. The words lead from leadership and manage from management itself specifies its functions and characteristic activities. Leadership and management are definitely two distinctive and complementary systems of action as told by John Kotter in 1991. Both leadership and management are not natural, they are acquired abilities and talents that can developed and modified according to the situation. Both leaders and managers are significant in an organisation to lead the management towards its vision and to manage the employees to accomplish the mission of the organisation. To briefly elaborate the topic assigned, this report will proceed along the following spectrum: what is management? , management concepts, who is a manager?, managers attributes and qualities, role of a manager, management theories, what is leadership?, who is a leader?, what attributes/traits makes a leader successful?, theories of leadership and difference between leadership and management. All of these topics will be explained briefly below with suitable quotes and examples. WHAT IS MANAGEMENT AND ITS CONCEPTS? Management is an existing process which is mainly result oriented, this process involves proper utilization of resources such as human, financial and material resources which are available to the organizations and to individual managers for the purpose of goal attainment (Michael Armstrong, 1990, p. 1). There are four basic management concepts namely, Planning- What, How and When the tasks must be performed. Organizing- Determining tasks, Groupings of work and Putting plans into actions Influencing- Motivating, Leading, Directing organization members mainly to increase productivity. Controlling- Gathering information, Making comparisons and Finding new ways of improving production through organizational modifications (Samuel and Trevis, 2012, p.27). WHO IS A MANAGER? A Manager is a person in an organization, who has a group of employees under his control and it is his responsibility to plan, organise, influence, monitor and control the work of his group or team in order to achieve the organizational goals. There are different types of managers based on their field of work. Such as financial, production, service, marketing, human resource managers. Different managers have different responsibilities and targets. According to F. John Reh,(2011) a senior business executive says a manager is a person who helps others and get more done by motivating them, providing directions, making sure they are working together toward a common goal, removing roadblocks and providing feedback. Peter F. Drucker,(2009) a successful American businessman says The productivity of work is not the responsibility of the worker but of the manager. MANAGERS ATTRIBUTES AND QUALITIES Conceptual ability- A manager is in need of this ability which also involves decision making skills during some complex situations including environmental situations. A managers conceptual ability should be used in relation to the objectives and strategic planning of the organisation. (Laurie J. Mullins, 2005, p.212). Social and human skills- It refers to interpersonal relationship between the manager and employees. The manager should effectively utilise the human resource of the organisation which involves team works and proper direction to his employees and more over the manager should also be versatile. (Laurie J. Mullins, 2005, p.212). Technical competence- It is the managers ability of utilization of specific knowledge, methods and techniques to organise the tasks and is mostly required at supervisory level, staff trainings and in day-to-day operations. (Laurie J. Mullins, 2005, p.211). ROLE OF A MANAGER See Possibilities Manager is the only people who knows the employees better than anyone else and try to bring the best out of them. (Scrid, 2012) Know the Structure   Manger should be up-to-date with the organisation structure and objectives, so that he can evaluate his expectation from the employees. (Scrid, 2012) Remember: Small Actions Count!   Little drops of water make the ocean, and little kindness act as bond between the manager and the employees and creates respect among each other. (Scrid, 2012) Be Creative In this complex and volatile business environment it is expected for the manager to be creative and be an inspirational tool for co-workers and other employees. (Scrid, 2012) Commit   As the level of commitment is contagious, a manager should not only be committed to his objectives but should also show commitment toward his employees. (Scrid, 2012) Be Human   Authority should not create a gap between a manager and his employees. The manager can be himself, but if he tries to be someone his employees can look up to. The manger will gain respect, loyality and a good connection. (Scrid, 2012) Stay Versatile   A manager should be flexible and versatile and be ready for sudden changes and others suggestions from his employees. (Scrid, 2012) Have fun while you work   A manager should know how to be professional at work and having fun in the process. (Scrid, 2012) Be a role model   The manager is considered as the leader for the employees working under him. The employees will mirror their managers work ethics. So the manager should be worthy of being a role model. (Scrid, 2012) MANAGEMENT THEORIES: Frederick Taylors Scientific Management Lillian Gilbreths motion study Max Webers bureaucratic theory Henri Fayols administrative theory Elton Mayos hawthorne effect Systems Approach Chaos theory Team Building theory WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? Ralph Stogdill (1950) points out that the definition of leadership has three components, they are: 1. Interpersonal relationship, 2. Social context and 3. Goal attainment. So leadership is the process of influencing one subordinate or an organised group in setting a goal and in attaining the targeted goal. (Buc and Huk, 2010, p.596) Peter F. Drucker,(2009) a successful American businessman says Effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined by results not attributes. WHO IS A LEADER? A leader is one who keeps people moving forward by motivating them and invest in them rather than getting something out of them.A leader is one who delegates the work to the right person who can do it better than the others.A leader not only identifies problems but also initiates a solution to the problem. According to Douglas MacArthur, (1930)   the son of the high-ranking military figure, Arthur MacArthur says A true leader has the confidence to stand alone, the courage to make tough decisions, and the compassion to listen to the needs of others. He does not set out to be a leader, but becomes one by the equality of his actions and the integrity of his intent. WHAT ATTRIBUTES/TRAITS MAKES A LEADER SUCCESSFUL? Emotional intelligence- It is the ability to identify, evaluate, and control the  emotions  of oneself, of others, and of groups. Daniel Goleman framed emotional intelligence and he identified six leadership styles which affect working atmosphere and financial performance. The aspect of emotional intelligence is the selection of these leadership styles to be successful. (Buc and Huk, 2010, p.614) Interpersonal communication skill- It is the   is the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through  verbal  and  non-verbal  messages: it is  face-to-face communication. Interpersonal communication is not just about what is actually said, it is also about the language used and but  how  it is said and the non-verbal messages sent through tone of voice,  facial  expressions, gestures and body language.(Skillsyouneed, 2012) Modification skills- a leader must be versatile and flexible in order to handle the situations and make some modification in his behaviour, objectives and plans in order to initiate a solution for the problems being faced by the organisation. Creativity- as the decision making process lies in the hands of the leader. It is expected from him to be creative and come up with some innovative decisions for the welfare and profitability of the organisation. Creativity make the leader a role model. Motivation- it is the process of keep people or employees moving forward by fulfilling their needs and ideas and focusing them toward the attainment of the organisational goal with energy and persistence (Buc and Huk, 2010, p.225) LEADERSHIP STYLES Leadership styles mainly deals with the different functions of leadership and the style of leadership towards members of the group or subordinate staffs. They are classified into three styles, namely: Authoritarian (or autocratic) style- it is where the power is with the leader and all the interaction with the group and employees move towards the manager. The leader alone exercises decision making, authority for determining policies, procedures for achieving goals, work tasks and relationships, control of rewards and punishments. Democratic style- it is where the power is mostly with the group and there is a good interaction with in the group. The leadership functions are shared with the group and the manager is also a part of the group. The group members can give their suggestion in decision making, determination of policy and in implementation of systems and procedures Laissez-faire (genuine) style it is were the members of the group and their workings are observed and the power is passed to the members to allow them the freedom of action and no to interfere, but be available if help needed. The members are left to face decisions. There is often confusion over this style of leadership behaviour THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP: Great Men Theory The Trait Theories of Leadership Style Theory Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Theory Y Contingency Theory Behavioural Theories Participative Theories Relationship Theories DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT CONCLUSION

The Relationship Between Mass And Acceleration

The Relationship Between Mass And Acceleration Mass is a property of matter equal to the measure of an objects resistance to changes in either the speed or direction of its motion. The mass of an object is not dependent on gravity and therefore is different from but proportional to its weight. Speed is the time rate of change of position of a body without regard to direction. Linear speed is commonly measured in such units as meters per second, miles per hour, or feet per second. Velocity represents speed but according to the bodies direction. We can calculate from a distance time graph with dy/dx.    Acceleration describes the time rate the velocity is changing at. The relationship between acceleration and velocity is like the relationship between velocity and displacement. Acceleration is a vector quantity. For uniform velocity, a = 0. If a is a non-zero constant, the object is said to be uniformly accelerated. The average acceleration of an object is defined as: Average acceleration = change in velocity / time taken In my investigation, I will aim to find the relationship between mass and acceleration. Method I will do this be setting up an apparatus which will measure the rate of acceleration. First, I will set up a height of 15cm and length of 227cm ramp. At this height, I do not have to apply a force to the trolley to accelerate the trolley because it will be able to slide down due to the force of gravity. This way, the force of gravity can be kept constant. Then, I will use a ticker machine and ticker tape to measure the rate of acceleration. I will stick the ticker tape into a trolley of 850g and let it fall. Each 10 mark on the ticker tape represents 0.2 seconds so I will cut the ticker tape in strips of 10 marks. By plotting the strips onto a graph, it would tell us the speed in which the trolley travelled. From this, we can calculate the acceleration of the trolley: Acceleration = final velocity initial velocity =    D v   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     t I used a ticker machine to calculate the rate of acceleration because it would show the rate in which acceleration changes. If we just timed how long it takes for the trolley to reach the end of the trolley, it would only give us the average acceleration. It would not be possible to measure the change in acceleration. I chose 15cm height ramp because from our preliminary results we found the marks on the ticker tape appeared most clearly at this height. Previously, the height of the ramp was 43cm and it was too high of the marks to appear clearly and because of this, my results werent as accurate. The average angle of the ramp was 3.87  ÃƒÅ'Ã…  . I chose this angle because I found from preliminary results that if the angle is too high, the marks on the ticker tape would not print accurately. Before, the average angle was 10.7  ÃƒÅ'Ã…   and we found it difficult to read the ticker tape. I clamped the ramp in place because this way, the height of the ramp is less prone to change so it acceleration will only be affected by the mass of the trolley. This will make our results more accurate. I added 400g of mass each time because from preliminary tests, I found that the ranges of the results were too close to each other to see a correlation when we added 100g each time. So to make the results more clear to see if mass affects acceleration, I decided to add more weights. This way, there would be a greater difference in the results and it would be clearer to distinguish a correlation. I chose a trolley of 850g because the trolley was light weight and the wheels were fairly smooth. Because it was light weight it would be easier to add mass on and be less affected by friction. Because the wheels were smooth, the frictional force would be less. This will make our results more accurate. To keep my investigation fair, I will only change one factor- the trolleys mass. I will keep everything else the same such as the height of the ramp and the ramp itself because these factors would affect the results if theyre are not kept the same. Prediction I predict that the mass of the trolley will not affect the rate of acceleration. This is because according to Galileos laws of motion, all bodies accelerate at the same rate regardless of their size or mass. For example, the fact that a feather falls slower than a steel ball is due to amount of air resistance that a feather experiences (a lot) versus a steel ball (very little). Also according to Newtons second law, the acceleration and gravitational force of a body is directly proportional to each other. He adds to Galileos law of motion by saying everything falls at the rate of 9.8m/s. He calculates this by: (F=force, m=mass of Earth (), a=acceleration, r=radius of Earth, G=gravitational constant (6.7-10†¾Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ¶Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ¶Ã‚ ¥ Nm ²/kg ²), g=gravitational force) If F=ma and F=gm ma=gm So you can cancel m to get a=g Factors which affects the rate of acceleration: Friction would affect the rate of acceleration because it increases the reluctant force by griping on the wheels and increasing the time it takes for the wheels to turn. Sometimes this can be good because it makes cars easier to manoeuvre. To show that friction affects the acceleration, we could carry out the same experiment, but instead of changing the mass, we would add different materials to the ramp. This would show us how surface area affects acceleration. The gradient in which the body is travelling would also affect the acceleration because some of the force would go into the other direction instead of going down so it experiences more drag. This would increase the time it takes for the body to fall. We can show this in our experiment by increasing the angle of the ramp instead of mass. The shape of the body will also affect its acceleration because the more wide it is the more air resistance/ drag it will have. Air resistance slows down an object because it opposes a force in the opposite direct to gravity, so the force of gravity is less. We can show this by changing the size of the surface area of the trolley but keeping mass the same. Results Average Acceleration From the graph, we can see that generally, as the mass increases, so does the acceleration. Theres a steep liner gradient from 850g-1650g, and acceleration increased by 4.82ms†¾Ã‚ ². Even though the actual results shows a decrease in acceleration between 1650g-2100 by 0.53 ms†¾Ã‚ ², the line of best fit tells us it is actually increasing. Overall, acceleration increased by 0.2m/s†¾Ã‚ ² every 100g that was added. Average Speed The average speed shows as the mass increased, so does its speed. There is a liner gradient between 850g-1250, and the speed increased by 1.7cm/s. From 250g-2050g, the speed decreases by 0.75cm/s ². However, from 2050g-2450g, the speed increases again by 0.66cm/s ². Overall, although it decreases, the line of best fit shows that it increases greatly from 850g-1250, then the line starts levelling out from 1250g-1450g. Accuracy Rating The accuracy rating generally shows that as the mass increases, the level of accuracy also increases. This graph shows the higher the number of accuracy, the lower the level of accuracy. There is a huge fall in the number of accuracy rating between 850g-2050. It went from 38.67 to 29, a difference of 9.67. From 850g-2050g, the number of accuracy kept decreasing and overall, it decreased by 14.3. However, from 2050g-2450g, it increased by 2. This may be because as mass increases, the bigger the friction is on the wheels. The larger the friction the better the wheels can grip on the surface so travels more accurately and is less likely to skid. This tells us, the results of acceleration and speed for 850g is very likely to be an outlier because the level of accuracy is very low. Comparison: When we compare the results of the average acceleration to its speed, we can see its directly proportional because as the acceleration increased, so did the speed. This is because acceleration shows how speed changes. When we compare the level of accuracy to the acceleration and speed, it tells us the results for 850g is very likely to be anomalie and possibly 1250g as well. If that were true, the graphs would show that there is no connection an objects mass to its acceleration. This would prove Galileos law of motion and Newtons second law that the rate of acceleration is constant and is not affected by size or mass. However, our experiment does prove their theories are correct because our experiment shows that the less resultant forces oppose to gravity (more friction in this case), the faster the body accelerates and does not depend on its mass. Evaluation I believe my experiment went fairly well because I felt I could justify the reasons why I obtained these results and although I have some anomalies, most of the results were fairly accurate. However, there were some flaws in my experiment such as: I found it hard to set off the trolley at the position on the ramp each time because it was not marked clearly. I did not wipe/grease the ramp after each experiment, doing this would have make the friction of the ramp more consistent When I plotted the strips of ticker tape on the graph, I did not line them accurately on the squares. This made some of my results inaccurate. Improvements To improve my experiment, I would have made the height of the ramp lower because it would experience more friction for the wheels to grip on. I would have also used trolleys with different masses but the same density. This way, drag/air resistance be more likely to be the same so there would only be one factor affecting the results. This would make out results more accurate. To obtained accurate results, we can perform this experiment in a vacuum. This is because in a vacuum, you would not experience any resultant force as you do in Earth so you could accurately calculate acceleration. However, we can only experience a vacuum in space. In earth, to decrease resultant forces, we can carry out this experiment in: Under water High altitude Air tight conditions

Free Essays on A Dolls House: Marital Lessons :: Dolls House essays

Marital Lessons from A Doll's House    Divorce has become widely accepted throughout the world. In today's world, the violent shredding of a family is shrugged off like the daily weather.   The Norwegian play A Doll's House, by Henrik Ibsen, is a prime example of a marriage that didn't work. The marriage of Torvald and Nora Helmer had many problems because the husband and wife couldn't discover the secrets of marital bliss. To keep a marriage alive and growing it must hold true to four qualities: love, communication, trust and loyalty, and perseverance. With the incorporation of these qualities any marriage would work.    Without love a relationship would probably not even begin. Two people meet, a friendship forms, and soon a romance blossoms. Though the basis for Nora and Torvald's relationship appeared to be centered around love, the needed balance was not obtained. Torvald didn't really love Nora; to him she was just another child to mind. He said, 'And I wouldn't want you to be any different from what you are-just my sweet little song bird. But now I come to think of it, you look rather-rather-how shall I put it? -rather as if you've been up to mischief today' ( 151). Calling his wife names such as 'skylark,' 'squirrel,' and 'spendthrift,' Torvald does not love his wife with the respect and sensitivity a man should. The main area where Torvald showed his lack of love for Nora was in the way he managed his house. Torvald was the owner of what he believed to be a perfect doll house. This doll house was first controlled by Nora's domineering father, and once Nora entered marriage, the titles and dee ds to this doll house were handed over to Torvald. Torvald manipulated Nora, and then the children through her according to his wants, sure that he could never lose control over his precious doll house. This lack of love and imperious attitude would eventually ruin their marriage. Nora was the only one of the two partners who showed love for the other in this play. Going against all the odds a woman faced in the late nineteenth century, Nora went behind her husband's back, borrowed a large sum of money, forged her father's signature, and went on to pay it off with hopes of Torvald never hearing of it. She refused to be a doll, and would alternate personalities between 'Torvald's little skylark,' and 'Nora the intelligent and strong woman.

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Neurophysiological Report :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Neurophysiological Report Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder categorized as a form of parkinsonism. First described in 1964 by three Canadian neurologists, PSP is sometimes referred to as Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome, or Nuchal Dystonia Dementia Syndrome (1). Progressive damage to multiple brain cells associated with deterioration of the myelin sheath that speeds up nerve impulse conduction, as well as destruction of the entire nerve (2), result in severe and irreversible problems controlling balance, eye movement, breathing, and voluntary muscle movement (3). The actor Dudley Moore has been diagnosed with PSP and presently works to improve awareness and treatment of this enigmatic disease. Although PSP is frequently misdiagnosed as Parkinson's, the disorder progresses much more quickly, maintaining very unique and exclusive manifestations. Individuals suffering from PSP present clinically with akinetic rigid syndrome, gait ataxia, and supranuclear vertical-gaze palsy (4). Akinesia refers to the loss of control of voluntary muscle movements. This is expressed in loss of balance while walking and recurrent falls. A permanent "Mona Lisa" stare and wide-eyed expression is often described, in addition to guttural, slurred speech and swallowing difficulties (5). These facial distortions result from nerve damage controlling the facial muscles. All PSP individuals suffer from some degree of vertical-gaze palsy, in which the ability to move the eyes up-and-down is impaired (4). Muscles in the back of the neck and spine are usually severely affected, resulting in a retro-collis posture; the individual appears to perpetually look up toward the ceiling. Rigidity in the limbs is al so observed, although to a lesser degree. If rigidity does exist here, it is equal on both sides of the body. In Parkinson's disease, rigidity is more prominent and pronounced in the limbs, favoring one side more that the other (6). None of the tremors characteristic of Parkinson's are observed in PSP. Personality changes and dementia are also noted, particularly later in the development of the disease. PSP affects the brainstem, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The brainstem controls involuntary movements such as breathing and heart rate. Three divisions of the brainstem have been delineated: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain. In PSP, all three sections are affected. The pons controls facial nerves and eye muscles, while the midbrain is the visual center of the brain (3). The medulla (sometimes referred to as the "bulb") maintains speech and swallowing abilities. Paralysis here results in impairment of these functions.

Employees’ Issues in Hcl Axon Malaysia

ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES AND PROBLEMS Peripherally, HCL AXON is an excellence organization with increasing sophistication of its information technologies and offer huge scope of business benefits. HCL’s engaging in information systems projects and timely subjects helps yielding substantial achievement and continue to be robust. However, HCL AXON’s branch in Malaysia, HCL AXON Malaysia is actually having a big trouble in human resource management. HCL AXON Malaysia today fall prey to the same basic problems that were apparent all over the years in the organization.Questions have to ask whether organization is learning. Questions must also be asked about the quality of training given to project managers, developers as well as the IT support engineer. The employees are bewildered in a suffocating quandary which consists of rigidity in the Human Resource department, negligence of employees’ welfare, and the lack of employee development. i. Rigidity in the Human Resource department The HR department shows negligence in updating its information system. For instance, the working contract between a computer technician, Morty with HCL AXON Malaysia is expired in February 2012.Without contract extension, he is still working in the organization and being paid his salary every month until today. In fact, this situation is insecure to Morty because no one guarantees the termination would not descend one day against him. Furthermore, there is another similar example. A former employee, Tom quitted his job from HCL AXON Malaysia in September 2012. However, he was still being paid his salary in the next two consecutive months. After being informed about this case, only the HR department rectified the system.These might caused by the lack of initiation in the HR department towards developing deep awareness for contracting, staffing and recruitment system. They keep running the existing system like doing a daily routine, paying the fixed amount of wages to empl oyees on the list without any updating. Subsequencely, the HR system is not developing in fully aligned system which includes aligning the organization’s policies and human systems i. e. staffing. ii. Negligence of Employees’ Welfare Besides, the HR department in HCL AXON Malaysia never takes employees’ elfare and needs seriously. For instance, the IT engineers or computer technicians are usually work overtime and carrying out work-shift every week. The employees are also ought to work on public holiday. However, there are no allowance and bonus given. Employees crave for the benefits and compensation system would be ameliorated, but their request and allegation are being ignored by HR department. Meaning by that, the HR department shows laziness to get input or feedback from employees to improve the exacting situation.An IT engineer in HCL AXON Malaysia, Terence claims that the employees in the organization are mostly having low job satisfaction. iii. The Lack of Employee Development The changing environment and technologies such as launching of new software and IT systems as well as the unpredictable issues regarding foreign countries’ client system urge HCL AXON to utilize system approach to make continuous-improvements. The HR department of HCL AXON Malaysia promised to conduct training sessions to the employees which is training of using new software. However, the managers and supervisors never work diligently to meet the commitment.

Border Patrol in Arizona

Alexa Ibarra English 102 Mrs. Nowotny-Young April 7th, 2010 What can we do to mitigate the affects of drug smuggling in Arizona? According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy there were 5,225 juvenile and 24,145 adult drug arrests in Arizona during 2006. The state of Arizona is a state of high intensity drug trafficking, which has therefore lead Arizona to be a state of great danger. The crime dealt with locals, the location of how easily accessible the border is and the networking that has become so large and causes immense crime in Arizona.What can be done to mitigate the affects of drug smuggling in Arizona? For those who are neighbors to the border, they are very influenced by the drugs, crime and risk their lives daily because of the positioning of their home. For most who live near the border it is a matter of culture and heritage. Payan demonstrates a â€Å"birds eye view† and how officials disregard the opinions and thoughts of those who live in the bordering areas. Apparently, they believe that the government should come up with a new approach, which could provide citizens with more privacy and more security in their neighborhoods due to high crime.Another big problem is that because these areas by the borders are so poor, locals feel pressured to become involved in these illicit activities in the drug smuggling business. The newspaper article by Eckholm demonstrates specific drug smuggling in Sells, Arizona. Tribes in Sells have been feeling as though they are being put in the middle, and that security is not strong enough too protect them from the dangers of drug smugglers. Residents of neighborhoods of bordering towns of Mexico those who believe that security in bordering towns must be more secure and refined.The purpose of the article is to give readers a taste of how it is to live in such an area, and that residents are in great danger because of the drug smuggling corruption. Many residents are often times afraid to leave their h omes because of the violence and mischief they deal with at nighttime when serious crime is done. Many think this is unfair due to the government’s lack of support to the locals, which would benefit them and put them in less harm and danger. â€Å"The smuggling of people and drugs across their backyards is something residents here have dealt with for decades.But, they say the killing of Krentz cements a disturbing evolution that began a few years ago – illegal border activity has gone from irritating to deadly dangerous. †(Mccombs 1) the killing of Robert Krentz 58 was killed by a suspected illegal immigrant. Most residents here say they believe the killer was a Mexican drug smuggler. â€Å"Many blame the U. S. government for ignoring their warnings about the increased criminal activity and for failing to protect them. The Krentz family says it holds no malice toward Mexican people. They say political forces in U. S and Mexico are accountable for the death. (Mc Comb 1) Arizona shares a 370-mile border with Mexico. This border area, a large portion of which is open and sparsely populated, cannot be continuously monitored by border enforcement agencies and is used extensively by drug trafficking organizations to smuggle illicit drugs into the United States. Significant quantities of methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and marijuana are smuggled from Mexico into Arizona. Federal-wide Drug Seizure System data indicate that Arizona ranked second in the country behind Texas in the total quantity of illicit drugs seized in 2002.Arizona is a national-level distribution center for illicit drugs, largely due to its multifaceted transportation infrastructure. Drug traffickers commonly use private vehicles and commercial trucks to smuggle illicit drugs into and through the state. Couriers traveling aboard commercial aircraft, commercial buses, and passenger railcars and package delivery services also are used by traffickers, but to a lesser extent. DTOs and criminal groups generally use Interstates 8, 10, 17, 19, and 40 as well as U. S. Highways 85 and 86 as primary routes for transporting drugs throughout Arizona and from Arizona to other regions of the country.Interstate 8 extends from San Diego through Yuma and terminates at I-10, approximately midway between Phoenix and Tucson. Interstate 10 spans the entire country, connecting Arizona, particularly Phoenix and Tucson, with the West Coast at Los Angeles and the East Coast at Jacksonville, Florida. Interstate 17 connects Phoenix to Flagstaff and provides access to eastern and western states via I-40. Interstate 19 connects Nogales on the U. S. -Mexico border with I-10 at Tucson. Interstate 40 originates at I-15 in Barstow, California, passes through Arizona, and terminates at Wilmington, North Carolina.US 85 begin at the U. S. -Mexico border and ends in the Phoenix metropolitan area. US 86 split from US 85 and extend eastward to Tucson. The Obama administration would like to in vest in an â€Å"invisible fence† which would take up to 672 million dollars in costs to create. The Bush administration launched the project in 2005 to help secure the border against illegal immigrants, drug smugglers and other intruders. It was conceived as another layer of protection, in addition to thousands of Border Patrol agents and 650 miles of real fences.The system was supposed to let a small number of dispatchers watch the border on a computer monitor, zoom in with cameras to see people crossing and decide whether to send Border Patrol agents to the scene. Although there are sensors, cameras and radar at many points along the border, they are not connected to cover large expanses. Originally, the virtual fence was supposed to be completed by 2011 but due to technical problems it has been changed to 2014. â€Å"Among other things, the radar system had trouble distinguishing between vegetation and people when it was windy.Also, the satellite communication system too k too long to relay information in the field to a command center. By the time an operator moved a camera to take a closer look at a spot, whatever had raised suspicion was gone. † (Billeaud 1) The technical issues that follow the virtual fence, along with funding problems keep delaying the creation of the virtual fence. According to Jorg Raab he explains that networking can often lead to crime. Networking is being negatively used for drug trade and putting many people in danger because of it.Raab focus is directed to those who view networking as a negative action, and believes that these networks should be confronted if western democracies wish to deal with terrorism, drug smuggling and manifolds pathologies that confront failed states. The Minutemen group has been created through a voluntary group, which is dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the Unites States border. Arguing that the government is insufficiently concerned with securing the U. S. border they have org anized several state chapters, with the intention of providing law enforcement agencies with evidence of immigration law violations.Minutemen are a positive volunteer group but because they are risking their lives with no pay this puts the minutemen at very low numbered group members. The drug smuggling problem has become huge in Arizona. Whether it may affecting the locals, its relative closeness and easily navigable location or that networks have completely taken over the streets drug smuggling is something important and extremely important to understand in order to affectively change it. Some believe that the key to keeping danger away is to focus less on illegal immigration and focus more on drug traffickers who are creating danger to citizens of the border.The Obama administration is hoping to assess an invisible fence, which would keep illegal immigration and drug smuggling out of the United States, but with funding this, may take years to process. The minutemen system has bee n effective but the fact that it is voluntary puts the volunteers in dangerous situations, which can be misleading. Overall the drug smuggling problem in Arizona has brought much crime and danger to citizens and must be taken care of before drug smugglers expand and put more neighborhoods at harm. Works Cited Billeaud, Jacques. â€Å"Invisible fence at U. S. -Mexico border in real trouble. † The Commercial Appeal.N. p. , Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Eckholm, Erik. â€Å"In Drug War, Tribe Feels Invaded By Both Sides. † The New York Times 24 Jan. 2010: n. pag. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. McCombs, Brady. â€Å"Chiricahua neighbors fearful as never before. † Arizona Daily Star 3 Apr. 2010: n. pag. AZstarnet. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Payan, Tony. The three U. S. -Mexico border wars: drugs, immigration, and Homeland Security. Westport: Praeger Security International, 2006. N. Print. Raab, Jorg, and H Brinton Milward. â€Å"Dark Networks as Problems. † Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 13. 4 (2003): 413-439. Web. 14 Mar. 2010.

Examine the techniques Iago employs to achieve his aims in the play Othello

In traditional Shakespearean tragedies the protagonist is destroyed through their own fatal flaw. The play Othello is different because there is a villain which is unusual for a Shakespearean tragedy. In the play Macbeth, the tragic events occur because of Macbeths own fatal flaw of ambition. However in the play Othello; Iago, one of the main characters manipulates Othello's fatal flaw of jealously which leads to the tragic ending of the play. He says how he is using Othello by â€Å"following him I follow but myself†; he is pretending to be loyal to Othello but is really doing it for his own benefit. Iago plans revenge on Othello when he gives Cassio the job of lieutenant instead of to him; he describes himself as â€Å"worth no worse a place† and is showing that he thinks highly of himself. Even after he manages to get Cassio dismissed and replaces him as lieutenant, he still continues to carry out his plan of destruction. This reveals that the reason of Iagos plans are merely just for fun. Iago deceives everyone even Roderigo who supports him, not knowing everything about Iago's plans, he even questions why he â€Å"ever made a fool my purse† which shows he is only using Roderigo for his own benefit. No-one in the play seems to know what Iago is really like. He manipulates everyone in the play to gain their trust although he only uses them. Cassio praises Iago by saying that he had sung â€Å"an excellent song†, this is because he doesn't know that it was actually because of Iago that he was dismissed from the job of lieutenant. Iago is seen as a manipulative and evil character, he betrays Othello by telling Brabantio that Desdemona is married to Othello; â€Å"you're robbed†¦ an old black ram is tupping your white ewe†, he uses crude, sexual imagery to make their marriage seem worse than it is to make Brabantio angry because his daughter got married without his consent. He constantly makes racist comments about Othello; by referring to him as â€Å"thick-lips† and tries to make him seem like a bad character, because in Shakespearean times it was seen as wrong for a white woman to marry a black man. Iago tries to convince himself that Othello has had an affair with is wife; â€Å"I hate the Moor, And it is thought abroad that ‘twixt my sheets He's done my office. † Iago is jealous even though he is not completely sure that Othello has had an affair with his wife. He treats Emilia badly he tells her to â€Å"be not acknown on't† he makes her do what he wants and tell her to pretend she does not know anything about Desdemona's handkerchief. He also makes general bad comments about women; â€Å"she give you so much of her lips as of her tongue† he is saying that Emilia talks too much, something which she shouldn't do. Iago has a general dislike for women and stabs Emilia when she realises what he has done he also causes Othello to hit Desdemona in public and makes him call her a â€Å"whore† to her face. To make Othello jealous he makes out that Desdemona is having an affair but he only hints, â€Å"Lie – † this makes Othello jump to conclusions and finish off the sentences himself; â€Å"Lie with her? Lie on her? † Iago does not try to correct him â€Å"With her, on her, what you will† he just agrees with what Othello is saying. Sometimes when talking to Othello he says something and immediately takes it back to get Othello curious. Othello gave Desdemona a handkerchief which had been passed through his family, Iago tells Emilia to steal it for him and plants it in Cassio's bedchamber. He tries to wind up Othello by discretely reminding Othello that Desdemona did not have the handkerchief anymore: â€Å"But if I give my wife a handkerchief†, he is tormenting him with the thought that Desdemona is not acting truly loyal to Othello, like Emilia would to Iago. Shakespeare uses asides and soliloquies throughout the play as a dramatic technique. While talking to Othello, Iago says â€Å"O, you are well turned now! But I'll set down the pegs that make this music, As honest as I am† it reminds us of Iago's evil nature, and shows how he is planning Othello's destruction. Soliloquies are similar to asides in what they do in the play. They remind us of what Iago is planning and also show us what he thinks about what he has achieved so far.

Charlottetown Conference

The Charlottetown Conference By the early 1860s, the British colonies of North America were considering the benefits of a union. The American Civil War had created a new military power and a renewed threat to the small, divided colonies to the north. And British public opinion had been in favour of reducing, if not eliminating government spending in North America, especially for defence. In September 1864, British North American politicians met in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island to discuss the possibility of a union. (Courtesy of the National Archives of Canada)In September 1864, the Atlantic provinces – Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and Newfoundland – organized a conference to discuss a union among themselves. Governor General Monck asked that the province of Canada be invited to their talks, â€Å"to ascertain whether the proposed Union might not be made to embrace the whole of British North American Provinces. † Canada's most prominent p oliticians journeyed down the St. Lawrence River on a 191-ton steamer, with $13,000 of champagne in its hold, to attend the conference in Prince Edward Island. Those on board included John A.Macdonald, and George Brown from Upper Canada and George-Etienne Cartier, Thomas D'Arcy McGee and Alexander Galt from Lower Canada. Each journeyed to Charlottetown with a different motive in mind. Cartier felt that if he could persuade the Maritimes to join in a union, together their population would balance that of Upper Canada. In contrast, Brown wanted an end to what he considered French domination of English affairs – the end of a political stalemate. Macdonald was worried about American aggression and felt that the united British colonies, perhaps, could resist their powerful neighbour.In the 1860s, John A. Macdonald was instrumental in creating the Dominion of Canada and became its first prime minister. (Courtesy of the National Archives of Canada) The group of eight cabinet ministe rs and three secretaries arrived in Charlottetown on the same day as Slaymaker's and Nichol's Olympic Circus, the first circus to visit the island in 20 years. The harbour was deserted with most of the town at the circus. The delegates to the conference soon formed a different, political circus with a marathon of speeches, protests, lobster lunches, resolutions, picnics, alliances, flirtations and champagne balls.On the first official day of the conference, Macdonald spoke at length about the benefits of a union of all of British North America. The next day, Galt – a businessman, finance minister, and railway promoter – presented a well-researched description of the financial workings of such a union. On the third day, George Brown discussed the legal structure. And on the fourth day, McGee praised the nationalist identity, one that he saw bolstered by a vivid Canadian literature. Prominent politician George-Etienne Cartier was the leading spokesman for French Canada d uring Confederation negotiations. Courtesy of the National Archives of Canada) The original intent of the conference to discuss a Maritime union was overwhelmed by talk of a larger union. In a matter of days the Maritimers and Canadians had persuaded each other to create a new federation. The delegates were giddy with success and the celebration party continued in Halifax, Saint John and Fredericton. But the terms of the union remained to be worked out – a daunting political task. The delegates agreed to meet again in Quebec City the following month.

Governments Web Portal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Governments Web Portal - Essay Example Still, there remains the uncomfortable parallel to automated phone systems, which all too often will provide one with every option but the necessary connection. How does the federal website compare to these and other comparable information sites Well to view the federal government's claims, one need only click onto the About Us connection. This link opens to a long list of self-promotions, beginning with a statement of the site's policy, or "vision", which is described as a "catalyst for a growing electronic government." while boasting more connections to government sites than any commercial sites on the internet. This is certainly a comforting thought: the government has enough control of its own accessibility that there are certain safeguards to prevent inappropriate meddling. The site is proclaimed to be owned by the citizens of the United States, much like the ideals behind our federal government, which can be taken in either a patriotic or cynical manner, depending on one's personal inclination. More plausible is the logic behind the site's implied development as a response to the events of September 11th, 2001: a PR campaign to portray the government as acting quickly to improve security. This lends an aura of paranoia to the site, as though George Orwell's Big Brother is looming over the average citizen's shoul der as they peruse the electronic pages To see other ways in which the government reacts, one can click the America Responds to Terrorism link. Here is a listing of related sites, such as 9/11 commemoration events, how to protect yourself , personnel locators, travel safety, humanitarian organizations and information about Iraq. To "Protect yourself", one should have a clear idea of what to ask, as the link itself leads to a long list of the last five years of headlines, from mail handling of biological threats to disaster preparedness and learning more about terrorism. The bio-threat anthrax scare is mentioned - regulations are hinted at as hiding in the library - but nothing is mentioned about the CDC having to limit its reactions to these scares. Too many false attacks were proving too expensive. On the other hand, the "Ready yourself" for emergency link connects you directly to the office of Homeland Security, who very sensibly lists warning signs of exposure to chemical threats although if animals were really dying a ll around someone, what realistic chances are still available to them Identifying the contaminated area and removing oneself or finding a "safe-area" is just good common sense, and, although it might sound callous, probably a part of Darwinism in action. The duct-taped garbage bags over windows are not mentioned, possibly as too close a reminder to the "duck and cover" sagacity of the Cuban Missile Crisis, yet if the most obvious suggestions are being mentioned, shouldn't such items still be listed somewhere Although perhaps some consideration is due here. In event of an actual pressing emergency, few people would take the time to access this website, relying

Overseas Trade, Slavery, War, And Taxation in the 18th Century Britain Essay

Overseas Trade, Slavery, War, And Taxation in the 18th Century Britain - Essay Example The availability of revenue allowed for Britain to maintain naval dockyards and barracks, pay wages, and supply food and munitions, through Effective action by armies and fleets. The interconnectedness of overseas trade, slavery, war, and taxation shall be addressed by this paper. It is important to note however, that British colonialism had an influential role in the linkage among the four factors. Alongside a renewed pressure with the unprecedented demands of war with revolutionary and Napoleonic France between 1793 and 1815 was the fiscal-military state of eighteenth-century Britain, in which taxation reached 20 percent of the national income of England.3 Taxes were normally between 8 and 10 percent throughout the 18th century. Along with the growing influence of Britain was a desire to protect strategic goods, encourage colonial trade or preserve domestic employment from foreign competition, which became issues of national, security and imperial preference. It was likewise import ant for Britain to establish its political life and to provide links between civil society and the state, which became the subject of the complex process of brokerage with trade interests.4 However, success in Britain's point of view did not only mean the availability of an increased flow of revenue but warfare as well, whereby large amounts were spent in a short period of time which far exceeded income. It may be inferred that Britain's goal to pursue warfare specifically with its long-term rival France and the corresponding pursuit to sustain taxation were towards the attainment of a more heightened objective, which was colonialism. Such trail towards colonialism is seen in Britain's concentration on taxing policies witnessed in the fiscal system becoming more dependent on excise duties, with tariffs and stamp of wealth declining an importance.6 Land tax was considered the most important direct tax in this period, which was seen to rise in line with rents, profits, and salaries.7 The restoration of the land tax to the real level of the 1690s was seen to solve all fiscal problems as argued by a radical pressure group in 1860, the Financial Reform Association. A range of assessed taxes supplemented the land, aiming to tap the income of the rich by taxing signs of conspicuous wealth and display such as male servants, carriages, and pleasure horses. However, an increasing reliance on indirect taxes ensued when land and assessed taxes declined and these indirect taxes took the form of excise duties on a limited range of goods as well as duties on exports and imports. 8 At the time Britain relied on indirect taxes, there was an expansion of a more effective 'handle' on the economy for trade. Likewise, a means of extracting revenue from expanding sectors of the economy was offered through imports of raw materials such as cotton. This scenario shows the interconnectivity between trade and taxation, complementing one with the other in sustaining a mercantile economy. Warfare contributed to the rising power of Britain towards acquiring more territories for its expansion and objectives of colonialism.

Theories of Development Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theories of Development - Term Paper Example In this paper, I will argue that neo liberalism supports growth and promotes efficiency. This paper will include arguments regarding how neo liberalism has a positive effect on economic development. The paper will begin with introduction of neo liberalism. After that arguments in favor of neo liberalism will be discussed. In the end arguments against neo liberalism will be discussed and refuted. Neo Liberalism became popular in the later periods of 20th century. This school of thought became famous at a time when Keynesianism was declining in popularity. Also the notion of free market and private enterprise became the reason of popularity of neo liberalism all over the world. The growth of private enterprises, alongside with growth of capitalism paved the way for the acceptance of neo liberalism. This particular school of thought was in line with the overall spirit of capitalism and denied governmental intervention in the market. The deregulation that neo liberalism advocated also had cultural affects and therefore this school of thought became famous among economists all over the world. Neo liberalism questioned the utility of government intervention in the economy and therefore advocated free markets and free enterprises. Government intervention assumes that government knows everything about the market and is able to make the best possible decision. This assumption was questioned by neo liberalist economists. They argued that the role of government is not in the best interests of the economy and therefore government should let the markets decide about their course of action. Also on the issue of employment determination, neo liberalist argued that market forces were in a better position to make efficient decisions than government. This is how neo liberalism discourages the role of government in a particular economy. Neo liberal economic theory was attractive for the world because of the freedom it offered to both individuals and

Penal policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Penal policy - Essay Example , they are charged for their food, water, bedding and other daily necessities based on a scale in accordance with their social standing which was used instead of their financial capacity (Faucult 1997, p 97). A variety of forms of this system which can be seen as an early and bad example of the user pays principle continued in England until the 1780s, when prisoners began to be sent to Australia (Faucult 1997, p. 98). The financial exploitation of prisoners was regular in France and the United States (US) all through much of the nineteenth century, but was significantly extended in the southern states of the US in response to the severe labor scarcity following the Civil War. In the US, convicts were either forced to work under state supervision on railroad construction, mining, lumbering and other areas where free labor was in short supply, or were subleased by the state to entrepreneurs who used them, fundamentally as slaves, on cotton plantations and in factories. Next to the United States is Australia when it comes to the participation to the era of privatization. The National Party government of Queensland decided to start the operation of the new prison located at Borallon, near Brisbane, controlled by a private company under a management contract. The current Labor government confirmed its decision immediately after coming to power and ever since placed its new remand and reception centre at Wacol, a Brisbane suburb, under private management. New South Wales is the only other Australian State to date to adopt prison privatization. The NSW Liberal Party Government has entered into contract with a private firm for the design, construction and management of a maximum security prison at Junee, which is scheduled to become operational in March 1993 (Logan 1997, p. 112). A private prison is an institution that is managed by a nongovernment entity on behalf of the state. Logan (1997, p. 113) defined it as a place of confinement management by a private company

Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tesco - Essay Example Analysis of the company’s operating exposure 6 6. Management of operating exposure 7 7. Summary and conclusion 8 Appendices 11 1. The company Telco is a general merchandising and multinational grocery store in United Kingdom with its headquarters situated at Cheshunt. In the retailing section Telco plc ranks third in the word after Wal-Mart and Carrefour while it is second largest company in terms of profitability after Wal-Mart (Reuters, 2011). The company was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919.The company over the years has expanded geographically. The company is listed under the London Stock Exchange constituting of FTSE 100 index. Telco plc market capitalisation rate was around ?27.8 billion as on 15th September, 2012 (London South East, 2012). The main aim of the company is to provide its consumers with the best quality products at attainable rates, which make the company a success over the long period of time. The company operating in various countries like UK, US, Asia, Mala ysia, Thailand and Republic of Ireland, etc. have to confront the different market rate fluctuations. Thus this can be sorted through the study made below (Appendix: 1). 2. The macroeconomic situation United States alike the other advanced economies of the country has come through a lot of improvements from the economic perspectives. The financial markets have been stable since a past few years which got reflected through the continuous rally of corporate bonds and equities. This was achieved through the narrowing of the spreads of the corporate bonds and fall in the interest rates of inter-bank. Most of the lead indicators of the economic activity are showing signs of recovery-though the recovery of the economy is likely to take place at a modest pace. The slow recovery of the economy is the price that US is ready to pay to come to a balanced economy. Consumers entering the downturn with relatively high debt levels and low savings are pacing out the consumption of growth. However, a remarkable recovery is mainly due to the stable consumer spending and the revival of demand at the consumer level (Deloitte, 2009, p.5). 3. Porter’s five factor framework for competition It is mainly the analysis based on which the strategy of the company is incorporated before establishing a company in a new country or city. It was developed by Michael E. Porter to understand the unattractive forces of the market which may pose trouble in the establishment of a company. 3.1 Bargaining power of Buyers Apart from Wal-mart and Marshals the country of Canada lacks prospective large retailers. This gives Tesco a wide chance in establishing its business in Canada, as the population of the Canada has an earning capacity of $22,000 to $ $42,000 on an approximation (Statistics Canada, 2012). 3.2 Bargaining power of suppliers Most of the suppliers of Tesco being loyal to its company Tesco never had to face dilemma in terms of production of the related goods. Still Tesco comprising o f many suppliers their bargaining capacity is more when compared to Tesco as a buyer. In Canada the main three super markets are Wal-mart, Zellers and Giant Tigers. However, the threat faced from the suppliers is comparatively low as there is often a tendency for the large supermarkets to dictate the price paid to the suppliers of the product. If the suppliers do not agree with the price quoted by Tesco then it lies with very less options. Thus Tesco have a huge advantage in comparison to the local shops of Canada. 3.3 Competitive Rivalry Tesco can face competition on a larger scale from companies like Wal-mart, Zeller and Giant Tiger due to their business model strategy which is mainly based on the providing schemes of discounting on the overall products of the company. Thus to fight competition with the